They were often proponents of a priori reasoning : discovering truths from reason and logic alone, without having to test anything-in the way mathematics can make sense without doing any tests.
2.
But Louis Duchesne in his " Origines du culte chr�tien " put forward a theory of origin which works out very clearly, though it is almost all founded on conjecture and a priori reasoning.
3.
Burke did not deny the existence of natural rights; rather he thought that the a priori reasoning adopted by the drafters produced notions that were too abstract to have application within the framework of society.
4.
Whether a measure relating to the public welfare is arbitrary or unreasonable, whether it has no substantial relation to the end proposed, is obviously not to be determined by assumptions or by a priori reasoning.
5.
This was marked by a reverence for the role of logic and mathematics and a priori reasoning as applied to philosophy, economics and jurisprudence, with but little urge to link these empirically to the facts of life.
6.
This empirical, or sceptical, view taken by the realists can be contrasted with a more rational view taken by others, such as H . L . A . Hart, the English philosopher, who took a more formalistic approach and had the opinion that such concepts can survive through the application of " a priori reasoning " or logic only.
7.
For while it is true that these thinkers were positivist and anti-metaphysical they were for the anti-formalists, not empirical enough, since they were associated with a priori reasoning not based on actual study of the facts, such as Mill's formal logic and his reliance on an abstract " economic man, " Bentham's hedonic calculus of pleasures and pains, and the analytical approach to jurisprudence derived from Austin.
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